Spain and Portugal - early playing card notes
- (in development)

• 1371 - "The word *naip* appears in a Catalan rhyme dictionary of 1371, the _Llibre de Concordances_, compiled by the poet Jaume March. The presence of the word in such a dictionary denotes that it was already in familiar use in that region. The _Llibre de Concordances_ or _Diccionari de Rims_ exists in three manuscripts - one in the Biblioteca Colombina in Seville, another in the Biblioteca de Catalunya in Barcelona and the third in the Biblioteca Nacional in Madrid. It was written 'at the request of the most high and powerful Lord Pedro by the grace of God King of Aragon and completed in the year MCCCLXXJ' (the reference is to Pedro IV of Aragon and III of Catalonia). A printed edition, edited by A. Griera, appeared in Barcelona in 1921 and is one of a series of philological studies published for the Institute of the Catalan Language (A. Griera, ed. _Diccionari de Rims de Jaume March_, (Barcelona: Institut d'Estudi Catalani) 1921, p. 63). Under the words ending -ip we find '_Macip, felip, garip, xorip, naip, estip, dip_'. In Catalan, no meaning other than 'playing-card' has ever been attributed to the word."
  (Ross Gregory Caldwell)
• 1380 - BARCELONA. The inventory, dated 26th October 1380, kept by the Barcelona merchant Nicolas Sarmona, who lived in St. Daniel's alley (Callejon San Daniel), lists "unum ludus de nayps qui sunt quadraginta quatour pecie" ("a game of cards (naips) of 44 pieces"); a strange number which could equally well refer to two sets of tarot trumps or to a (normal) deck with 4 cards missing (an incomplete pack).
  (Simon Wintle) - (Simon Wintle) - Source 14/15C
  
  
• 1401 BARCELONA Inventory of Barcelona merchant Miguel Ca-Pila includes a pack of large cards, painted and guilded.
  (Simon Wintle) - Source 1403
  
  
• 1414 BARCELONA Two distinct Barcelona inventories have entries "j joch de nayps (or 'nahyps') moreschs".
  (Simon Wintle) - (Simon Wintle) - Source 1428
  
  
• 1429-56 DIEGO ALFONT, Valencia JUAN ALVAREZ " Cardmakers.
  (Simon Wintle) - (Simon Wintle) - (Simon Wintle) - (Simon Wintle) - Source 1449-1453
  
  
• 15c Alejandro Bussero, Ramon Esquert, Miguel Fabra, Miguel Ferrer, Martin Gallart, Pedro de Laredo, Francisco Lleonart, Antonio Pelegri, Bartolome de Primerant, Miguel Sanz, Ramon Veya, recorded as card-makers from Barcelona during the fifteenth century. There was also the Borges family, from Rosellon, as well as several Castilian, Andalucian and French card-makers.
  (Simon Wintle) - Source 1456
  
  
• 1460 BARCELONA An inventory entry reads: "jochs de nayps plans, y altres jochs moreschs".
  (Simon Wintle) - Source 1470 - 1519
  
  
• 1476: Reference to a prohibition of dice and card games by Ferdinand and Isabella, referring to the kingdom of Castilla. Apparantly this is the first genuine reference to cards in that area (as distinct from Catalunya).