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Oldest Tarot CardsThe Milanese Duke Filippo Maria Visconti commissioned before 1425 a manuscript and a playing card deck from Marziano da Tortona and Michelino da Besozzo. Jacopo Antonio Marcello got book and deck in 1449 and called it a new kind of Ludus Triumphorum. |
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The Oldest Tarot Cards - Michelino Deck
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Imperatori-CardsIn 1423 Parisina, the young signora of Ferrara, imported from Florence "VIII Imperatori"-cards. It's unclear, which sort of cards it really had been, but it might be a predevelopment to the later Tarot cards. |
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Imperatori - Karnöffel and other decks
- before 1440 or after 1440
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Ferrara 1441At the 1.1.1441 the painter Sagramoro got some money for "14 figure" for the guest in Ferrara, Bianca Maria Visconti. One year later appears the first use of the word Trionfi in relation to playing cards. |
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(p) = article in preparation or no material presented Start Before 1441 Playing Cards 1422 - 1441
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Documents (1)Early references to playing cards and related articlesUPDATED April 2007 |
PLAYING CARDSVery early references- 1370/80
Ferrara
TRIONFI DOCUMENTATION Further Articles and Conclusions related partly also to the theme "Trionfi"
Oldest Tarotcards - Biographies-Menu - related to the Michelino Deck 1424/1425 - Michelino Deck
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Documents (2)First appearances of the word Trionfi in relation to playing-cards (1442 - 1463)UPDATED July 2006 |
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The term "Trionfi" - in relation to playing cards Start Documents Analyses 1423: Imperatori - first note March 1425: Birth of Bianca Maria Visconti May 1425: Parisina killed June 1425: Trionfo Filippo Visconti (Michelino Deck ?) 1438: Council in Ferrara 1439: Council in Florence (real Trionfo - probably no cards) Burchiello Autumn 1441 Bianca Maria Visconti in Ferrara (small Trionfo at her arrival - no cards) 14 Figure, 1.1.1441 (Marriage Trionfo projected ?) October 1441 Marriage Bianca Maria Visconti (Cary-Yale Tarocchi?, Marriage-Trionfo ?) Marcello is already near to Francesco Sforza December 1441: Leonello new Signore in Milano 01 1442/1 Ferrara/Sagramoro (February 1442 / Trionfo projected ?) 02 1442/2 Ferrara/Kids (small Trionfo for the kids according to the interests of their mother (?) 1443 Imperatori - 1st reappearance 1443 Real Trionfo in Naples Alfonso of Aragon (no cards known) Pause (1443 - 1450) August 1447: Filippo Maria Visconti dies Decembrio is in Ferrara 1447 Decembrio writes "Vita ..." Vita di Filippo Maria Visconti early 1449: Marcello with Francesco Sforza in the region of Milan Scipio Caraffa didn't know Trionfi decks 03 1449/1 Marcello letter (Nov. 1449) 25.2.1450: Francesco Sforza occupies Milan 04 1450/1 Ferrara/Sagramoro 16.3.1450 Trionfi cards are paid 25.3.1450 Leonello visits Milan After 8 years pause suddenly Trionfi decks production in Ferrara Imperatori - 2nd reappearance October 1450: Leonello dies Borso new signore in Ferrara 05 1450/2 Florence December 1450: Trionfi allowed (Florence) 06 1450/3 Sforza letter December 1450: Difficulties to get a Trionfi deck 07 1451/1 Ferrara/Sagramoro Borso's Trionfo projected ? 06b 1452/1 Siena/Emperor-visit 08 1452/1 Malatesta/Sforza The letter signals a Trionfi production in Cremona, perhaps as a preparation for a Trionfo August 1453: Real Trionfo in Milan The peace of Lodi is near (9th of April 1454) Probably Borso prepares already before some Trionfi decks production in series from February till April 09 1454/1 Ferrara/Sagramoro 10 1454/2 Ferrara/Sagramoro 11 1454/3 Ferrara/production 12 1454/4 Ferrara/production 13 1454/5 Ferrara/production 13b 1455/1 Padua / preaching 14 1456/1 Ferrara/Trotti Trotti's comment signals, that now Trionfi is (at least in Ferrara) a well known game. 15 1456/2 Ferrara/Sagramoro Last Sagramoro document 16 1457/1 Ferrara/70 cards 17 1457/2 Ferrara/Vicenza Later Notes (not complete)29 Mantova 1465, inventoryMinchiate (since 1466) 30 Polismagna relates to the Decembrio Manuscript 31 Vita di San Bernardino 1472 32 Naples 1473 (Aragon court) 33 Naples 1474 (Aragon court, Beatrice) 33b Rome 1474 - 1478 / Import from Florence 34 Milan 1475, Letter of Galeazzo Maria Sforza 34b Fabriano 1476, request for allowance 35 Bologna 1477, printed decks 36 Bologna 1480 36b Recanati ca. 1480 37 Naples 1482, "Cartaio" Francesco 38 French dictionary, 1482 38b Cicognara-note (? forgery) 39 Brescia, 1488 - allowance 40 Salo, 1489 - allowance 41 Bergamo 1491 - allowance 42 Letter Ippolito d'Este, 1492 43 Rene d'Anjou II, France, 1496 44 Reggio, 1500 - allowance ********************** |
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5x14-TheoryIt is probable, that the first Trionfi-decks started with a 5x14-structure, the 14 trumps were considered as a 5th suit. |
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PROJECTS |
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Mantegna Tarocchi - Research Collection Mantegna Tarocchi Pictures Material about earlier researches
Beggar development (Misero)
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TAROT MUSEUM |
