Matthias Ringmann: Grammatica figurata

<H3>Nomen -- The Noun</H1> <P> Nomen erit dicens fac tantum ac tale Sacerdos:<BR> Videntur meritis coelica regna tuis.</P> <CENTER><FONT COLOR="#AF0000">The noun will be a priest saying "Do so and likewise"<BR> Through your good deeds the heavenly kingom is seen</FONT></CENTER> </td><td valign="top" align="center"> <IMG SRC="http://mywebpages.comcast.net/pythian/cia/grammatica/07b-nomen.gif" WIDTH=304 HEIGHT=337 ALIGN=center> </td></tr><tr><td> <H3>NOUN DECLENSION (p.8b)</H3> <P><B>NOMINI QUOT ACCIDENTIAE</B> Ubi respondetur: sex/Qualitas/comparatio/genus numerus/ figura/casus et eijcienda charta (nisi non habeatur) cum curato iuxta quem sex lapides cadunt (quos hic ad latus adiecimus)</P> <P><FONT COLOR="#AF0000"><B>How many declensions for a noun?</B> Where the answer is: six: Quality, comparison, gender, number, figure, and case. With the response you should throw out a card (unless you don't have one) with a curate together with six falling stones (which we have added here on the side).</FONT></P> </td><td valign="top" align="center"> <IMG SRC="http://mywebpages.comcast.net/pythian/cia/grammatica/08b-nouncases.gif" WIDTH=350 HEIGHT=130 ALIGN=center> </td></tr><tr><td> <H3>Proper Nouns (p. 9a)</H3> <P><B>CUIUS QUALITATIS:</B> Quod si fuerit proprium nomen. Respon. Propriae: quia uni soli rei convenit/ proijcierdaque charta ab eo qui ipsam habet ubi Curato adiungitur calix.<BR> Sacrificare enim/ et calicem attrectare. atque huius modi alia aeclesiastica officia exequi: solis sacerdotibus datum est/ quibus sic congruit ut panem angelorum vivificantemque calicis potum sumant/ & dent caeteris.</P> <P><FONT COLOR="#AF0000"><B>OF WHAT QUALITY:</B> If it should be a proper noun, respond "of a proper quality." Because it applies to only one thing alone. And the card must be tossed forth by the person who has it, where the chalice is added to the curate. For only priests are allowed to sacrifice and touch the cup and perform other church rites of this sort. So it is <I>proper</I> for them to take the bread of the angels and the reviving drink of the chalice and give it to others.</FONT></P> </td><td valign="top" align="center"> <IMG SRC="http://mywebpages.comcast.net/pythian/cia/grammatica/09a-proprium.gif" WIDTH=353 HEIGHT=181 ALIGN=center> </td></tr><tr><td> <H3>The Appelative Noun: A Digression on Germany (p. 9b)</H3> <P> Si appelativum. Respond. Appellativae: & eijciendus Curatus cum alea. Qui ludus hoc aevi est multorum sacerdotum dum per appellationem nescio quam a proprio statu declinantes/ ac divinum negligentes cultum: aleam & astragalos frequentius quam calicem testamenti attrectant. Adeo ut iam in Germania vica proverbij dicatur Bonus presbiter (ein guter pretspiler) quo significare volunt: prespiterum esse bonum aleatorem. Neque hoc in Germanis mirandum veluti novum: cum ea gens (ut tradunt ydonei authores) semper fuerit ludo deditissima: in tantum ut perdita pecunia/vestibus/atque alijs quibuscumque postremo etiam de libertate corporis ludo contenderit. Qui etiam primi astragalizontes fuisse perhibentur. A quibus temen ediverso multa praeclara sunt inventa inter quae non poterit unquam satis laudari ars nobilissima imprimendi libros: de q a Branto eleganter dictum:</P> <BLOCKQUOTE>Quae doctos latuit Graecos Italosque peritos<BR> Ars nova Germano venit ab ingenio.</BLOCKQUOTE> <P>Quid .-q? Gaguinus nichil veritus est ita dicere:</P> <BLOCKQUOTE>Ecce tibi resonat argutus harundine Rhenus/<BR> Et passim vates educat altiloquos.</BLOCKQUOTE> <H3>TRANSLATION</H3> <P><FONT COLOR="#AF0000">If it's appelative, respond "of the appelative quality" and the curate with the dice should be tossed out. This game belongs nowadays to many priests, while they, summoned by who knows what <I>appeal</I>, descending from their <I>proper</I> state and neglecting the divine office, they touch the dice and bones more often than the chalice of the testament. To the point that in Germany "a good priest" (ein guter pretspiter) is said proverbially, by which they mean a good priest is a good gambler. Nor is this something new or amazing in Germany, considering that this race was always the most addicted to gaming(as the standard authors attest [a reference to Tacitus' <I>Germania</I> ]). They were addicted to such an extent that when all their money was lost, then clothes and everything else, they would finally wager even their corporal freedom. They are even considered to have been the first gamblers. Nonetheless, on the other hand many excellent things have been invented by them. Among which the noblest art of printing books could never be praised enough: concerning which it was elegantly said by Brantus:</FONT></P> <BLOCKQUOTE><FONT COLOR="#AF0000">Something escaped the learned Greeks and skilled Italians,<BR> Which came, a new art, from the German spirit</FONT></BLOCKQUOTE> <P><FONT COLOR="#AF0000">And Gaguinus didn't hesitate to say this as well:</FONT></P> <BLOCKQUOTE><FONT COLOR="#AF0000">Behond the swift Rhine resounds you with the reed:<BR> And everywhere it nourishes noble-speaking prophets.</FONT></BLOCKQUOTE> </td><td valign="top" align="center"> <IMG SRC="http://mywebpages.comcast.net/pythian/cia/grammatica/09b-appellativum.gif" WIDTH=448 HEIGHT=205 ALIGN=center> </td></tr><tr><td> <H3>Degrees of Comparison (p. 10)</H3> <P><B>COMPARATUR</B>: Si nomen fuerit comparabile. Rospon. Sic/ & pijcienda charta ubi curato adiungitur scala cum uno gradu. Si nomen fuerit positivi gradus qui est primus comparationis<BR> Cum duobus. Si comparativi/qui est secundus<BR> Cum tribus gradibus. ubi nomen fuerit suppellativum/qui est tertius collationis gradus. Ad quorum clariorem intelligentiam subiungeremus ipsas figuras (ut etiam facturi sumus in plerisque alijs) quae sic se habent.</P> <P><FONT COLOR="#AF0000"><B>COMPARING THE NOUN: </B> Si the noun is comparable, respond "Yes" and toss out the card where the ladder is added to the curate. With one step, if the noun is of the positive step, which is the first step of comparison.<BR> With two, if of the comparative step, which is the second.<BR> With three steps, when the noun is superlative, which is the third step of elevation. For a clearer understanding of these, we add the figures themselves, as they are (as we are also about to do in many other cases).</FONT></P> </td><td valign="top" align="center"> <IMG SRC="http://mywebpages.comcast.net/pythian/cia/grammatica/10-comparative.gif" WIDTH=397 HEIGHT=292 ALIGN=center> </td></tr><tr><td> <P><B>Si nomen </B>non fuerit comparabile. Respondeatur: Non & proijciatur curatus cum scala sine gradibus; quod significat nomen nullius esse gradus & non comparari. Significat autem numerus ternarius iuxta scalas positus/ tres esse comparationis gradus: sicut & in alijs chartis quod semel permonuisse sufficiat.</P> <P><FONT COLOR="#AF0000"><B>If the noun</B> should not be comparable, let the response be "No." and throw out the curate with the ladder without any steps, which signifies the noun has no stepand is not compared. But the number three placed next to the ladders means that there are three steps of comparison, just as in the other cards, a fact which should need to be mentioned but once.</FONT></P> </td><td valign="top" align="center"> <IMG SRC="http://mywebpages.comcast.net/pythian/cia/grammatica/11b-ladder2.gif" WIDTH=394 HEIGHT=145 ALIGN=center> </td></tr><tr><td> <H3>Number of Nouns (p. 13a)</H3> <P><B>CUIUS NUMERI:</B> Si singularis: quia singulariter profertur. Et eijciat curatus cum lebete in qua solus denarius. Complurativi: quia pluraliter profertur. Proijciaturque curatus habens thysiasterium pluribus denarijs onustum.</P> <P><FONT COLOR="#AF0000"><B>OF WHAT NUMBER:</B> If it's singular, since it is presented one at a time. And the curate with the plate with only one denarius should be thrown out. Plural, since it is presented many at once. And the curate with the incense plate loaded with many denarii should be thrown forth.</FONT></P> </td><td valign="top" align="center"> <IMG SRC="http://mywebpages.comcast.net/pythian/cia/grammatica/13-number.gif" WIDTH=355 HEIGHT=250 ALIGN=center> </td></tr></table> <h1>Matthias Ringmann: Grammatica Figurata</h1> <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="10" summary=""> <tr> <td align="left" valign="top"><H3>The Verb is King</H3> <P> <B>VERBUM TERTIA PARS ORATIONIS:</B> est quod cum tempore et persona sine casu agere aliquid/ aut pati aut neutrum significat. Et figuratur per Regem: quod subiecta figura & distichon adiunctum satis clare exprimit.</P> <BLOCKQUOTE>Rex verbum designat agens patiensque inimicos<BR> nonnunque neutrum pace vigente gerens</BLOCKQUOTE> <P><FONT COLOR="#AF0000">The Verb is the Third Part of Speech: It is what signifies to do or suffer something or neither. It has tense and person, but not case, and is represented by a King. Which the figure below and the adjoining distich expresses clearly enough:</FONT></P> <BLOCKQUOTE><FONT COLOR="#AF0000">The king symbolizes the Verb, by acting on and being acted upon by enemies,<BR> And sometimes by doing neither, when peace is strong.<BR> </FONT></BLOCKQUOTE> </td> <td valign="top"> <IMG SRC="http://mywebpages.comcast.net/pythian/cia/grammatica/19a-verb.gif" WIDTH=313 HEIGHT=404 ALIGN=right> </td> </tr></table> <h1>Matthias Ringmann: Grammatica Figurata</h1> <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="10" summary=""> <tr> <td align="left" valign="top"><H3>Adverbium - the Queen</H3> <P><B>ADVERBIUM QUARTA PARS: </B>est, quae adiecta verbo significationem eius explanat atque implet. Et notatur quidem per Reginam quod sequenti figura & disticho videre licet.</P> <BLOCKQUOTE>Ipsaque significat Regina adverbia nobis<BR> Explanans/implens singula Regis amans</BLOCKQUOTE> <P>Id est Regina adverbium istinuat/quae Regi obtemperans Legitimi ceu vincla iubent socialia lecti: omnia ad nutum illius (quemadmodum adverbium significationem verbi) explanat/atque implet.</P> <P><FONT COLOR="#AF0000"><B>THE FOURTH PART OF SPEECH IS THE ADVERB</B>, which added to a verb explains and fills out its meaning. And it is represented by the Deacon preaching in lieu of the Curate. And indeed it is symbolized by the Queen, which can be seen from the following figure and distich:</FONT></P> <BLOCKQUOTE><FONT COLOR="#AF0000">And the Queen herself represents adverbs to us<BR> Explaining, elaborating, and loving the particulars of the King</FONT></BLOCKQUOTE> <P><FONT COLOR="#AF0000">The Queen who moderates the king connotes the adverb, or rather the social bonds of a legitimate marriage: She explains and elaborates all things at her beck and call (just as an adverb explains and elaborates the meaning of the verb).</FONT></P> </td> <td valign="top"> <IMG SRC="http://mywebpages.comcast.net/pythian/cia/grammatica/23a-adverb.gif" WIDTH=255 HEIGHT=445 ALIGN=left> </td> </tr></table> <h1>Matthias Ringmann: Grammatica Figurata</h1> <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="10" summary=""> <tr> <td align="left" valign="top"><H3>Conjunctio - the Cupbearer</H3> <P> <B>CONIVNTIO EST PARS OR</B>ationis annectens ordinansque sententiam. Et figuratur per pincernam bibulis potonibus vina porrigentem. id quod figura sequenti & duobus versiculis adiunctis exprimitur.</P> <P>Qui fundit dulcem tibi sit pars sexta Lyeum<BR> Nectitur hoc medio linguaque mensque viro.</P> <P>Id est Caupo vina propinans notat Coniunctionem</P> <P><FONT COLOR="#AF0000"><B>THE CONJUNCTION IS THE PART OF S</B>peech linking and ordering a sentence. And it is represented by a servant offering wines in drinking cups.</FONT></P> <P><FONT COLOR="#AF0000">He who pours sweet Lyaeum for you is the sixth part of speech<BR> With this medium the tongue and mind of man is joined</FONT></P> <P><FONT COLOR="#AF0000">That is to say, that the proprietor pouring out wine represents the Conjunction.</FONT></P> </td> <td valign="top"> <IMG SRC="http://mywebpages.comcast.net/pythian/cia/grammatica/27a-conjunction.gif" WIDTH=300 HEIGHT=460 ALIGN=right> </td> </tr></table> <h1>Matthias Ringmann: Grammatica Figurata</h1> <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="10" summary=""> <tr> <td align="left" valign="top"><H3>Preposition - the Bellringer (the Sexton)</H3> <B>PRAEPOSITIO PARS ORATI</B>onis septima: significatur per cusodem sacrae aedis/qui & aeditimus & aedituus dici potest ab aede tuenda: quem tamen M. Varro aeditimum dicendum existimat non aedituum, cum alterum sit recenti novitate factum/alterum antiquum origine incorruptum. Eius mysterium hac figura & disticho notatur.</P> <P>Significat sacra septimam servus in aede<BR> Qui resono minuit aereque mutat opus.</P> <P>Id est septima pars non absurde per famulum delubri signatur. Is enim pulsu tympanorum qcumque geruntur/haud secus atque praepositio reliquarum partium significationem complet/mutat/ac minuit.</P> <P><FONT COLOR="#AF0000"><B>THE PREPOSITION IS THE SIXTH PART OF SPEECH</B>. It is represented by a guard of a sacred house, who can be called the sexton or sacristan since he guards the <I>sacr</I>ed house. Whom Varro however believes should be called sacristan, not sexton, since the latter was coined for recent novelty, and the other is ancient of impeccible origin. His mystery is represented by this figure and distich.</FONT></P> <P><FONT COLOR="#AF0000">The servant in a sacred house symbolizes the seventh part<BR> Who with his resounding bronze lessens and alters the task</FONT></P> <P><FONT COLOR="#AF0000">That is to say, it's not rediculous to represent the seventh part with the servant of the church. For he by the beat of the percussion, not unlike a preposition, fills out, changes, and lessens the meaning of the remaining parts.</FONT></P> </td> <td valign="top"> <IMG SRC="http://mywebpages.comcast.net/pythian/cia/grammatica/29a-preposition.gif" WIDTH=310 HEIGHT=490> </td> </tr></table> <h1>Matthias Ringmann: Grammatica Figurata</h1> <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="10" summary=""> <tr> <td align="left" valign="top"><h3>Participium - a monk</h3> <B>QUINTA PARS ORATION is Participium: </B>est quae partem capit a nomine et verbo. Recipit enim a nomine genera & cas. a verbo tempora & significationes/ab utroque numerum & figuram. Significat[ur]que per monachu[m] mendicantem. ut ostendit sequens figura.</P> <P>Quintam per monachum fingamus participantem<BR> Cui praebent munus presbiter/ ipseque Rex.</P> <P><FONT COLOR="#AF0000"><B>THE FIFTH PART OF SPEECH IS THE PARTICIPLE</B>, which takes part from a noun and a verb. For it receives the gender and case from the noun, from the verb the tenses and meanings, from both the number and form. And it is by a begging monk, as the following figure shows</FONT></P> <P><FONT COLOR="#AF0000">We represent the fifth [part] by a monk taking part<BR> To whom a priest and the king himself offer a gift.</FONT></P> </td> <td align="right" valign="top"><P><IMG SRC="http://mywebpages.comcast.net/pythian/cia/grammatica/24b-participle.gif" WIDTH=310 HEIGHT=490 ALIGN=left> </td> </tr></table> <h1>Matthias Ringmann: Grammatica Figurata</h1> <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="10" summary=""> <tr> <td align="left" valign="top"><H3>GENDERS--GENERA</h3 <P>This is a curious section. After the initial description of the cards which represent the various grammatical genders, the author feels obliged to answer possible criticisms that the illustrations are a bit too <A HREF="#risque">risque</A>.</P> <P> <b>(p. 12a)</b><BR> <B>CVIVS GENERIS:</B> Si dictio proposita fuerit masculini generis Respond. Masculini: quia praeponitur ei in declinatione hic/ ut hic magister: eijciaturque charta in qua curatus cum puero masculo. Si foeminini: quia praeponitur ei haec ut haec musa: et proijcienda charta in qua curatus cum puella. Si neutri: quia praeponitur ei hoc/ ut hoc scamnum eijciendaque charta ubi curato adiungitur scamnum/quod est neutrum. Neque enim masculus neque foemella: ergo neutrum. Hinc et a Donato ponitur pro exemplo neutrius generis.<BR> Si omnis: quia praeponitur ei hic et haec et hoc: ut hic et haec et hoc foelix: et eijiciendus curatus cum puero et puella iunctim scamno insidentibus. Si communis: quia praeponitur ei hic et haec/ut hic et haec sacerdos: proijciendusque curatus cum hermaphrodito quodam/ qui a Graecis vocibus viru ac mulierem significantibus etiam <I>amorogymos</I> appellari solet Cuiuimodi fuisse Scythonem Ovidius in methamorphosi hiis verbis testatur.</P> <BLOCKQUOTE>Non loquar ut quondam naturae iure novato<BR> Ambiguus fuerit modo vir modo foemina Scython</BLOCKQUOTE> <P>Si epiconi: quia sub uno articulo utrumque sexum significat: ut hic passer/haec mustela: et eijciatur charta ubi circa curatum indicatur haec mustela/ per quam istiusmodi promiscuum genus insinuare libuit.</P> <P><FONT COLOR="#AF0000"><B>OF WHICH GENDER:</B> If the given word should be of the masculine gender, respond "Masculine", because <I>hic</I> [the masculine pronoun] is placed before it, as in <I>hic magister </I>[this teacher]. Also throw out the card on which the curate is with the masculine boy. If of the feminine gender, because <I>haec</I> [the feminine pronoun] is placed before it, as in <I>haec musa</I> [this muse]. Also throw out the card on which the curate is with a girl. If it's of neither gender, because <I>hoc</I> [the neuter pronoun] is placed before it, as <I>hoc</I> <I>scamnum</I> [this bench], also throw out the card where the bench (which is neuter) is joined with the curate. For it is neither masculine nor female, therefore neuter. The bench is used by Donatus too as an example of the neuter gender.<BR> If every gender, because <I>hic</I> and <I>haec</I> and <I>hoc</I> are placed before it, as in <I>hic et haec et hoc foelix</I> [happy (male) or (female) or (neuter)]. And the curate should be thrown out with the boy and girl sitting together on the bench. If common, because both hic and haec are placed before it, as in hic et haec sacerdos, Throw also the curate with a certain hermaphrodite, who is called from the Greek words meaning man and woman, also called <I>amorogynos</I> [apparently poor Greek for <I>androgynos</I>] Ovid in the Metamorphosis [sic] alludes that Scython was of this type with these words:</FONT></P> <BLOCKQUOTE><FONT COLOR="#AF0000">I will not tell of how once, when nature's law was overturned<BR> Ambiguous Scython was now a man now a woman.</FONT></BLOCKQUOTE> <P><FONT COLOR="#AF0000">If <I>epikoine</I> (communal) , because it stands for both sexes with one article, as <I>hic passer</I> [this sparrow, which can refer to male or female sparrows] or <I>haec mustela</I> [this weasel, which can refer to male or female weasels] Let also the card where this weasel is depicted around the curate be thrown out. The weasel is chosen to suggest mixed gender of this type.</FONT></P> </td> <td valign="top"> <IMG SRC="http://mywebpages.comcast.net/pythian/cia/grammatica/12a-gender.gif" WIDTH=325 HEIGHT=301 ALIGN=left> </td> </tr><tr><td valign="top"> <P> <b>(page 12b-13a)</b><BR> Non autem existimavimus inconveniens anteaque ad alia progrediamur paucissimis verbis respondere tetricis Catonibus: quibus ita insedit Hipolyti Penelopesque pudor/ ut veluti rem spurcam damnandum putent quod partium declinabilium genera expresserimus per imagines ubi sexus manifestis signis cognoscitur. Abeant queso contenti isti critici de virtute loquentes hoc tributum reverentiae et pudori: quod non pro genere masculino depinxerimus rubrum hortorum custodem Hellespontiacum illum Priapum/ qui membrosior aequo fertur esse: necque etiam pro foeminino nudam Venerem aut aliquid illecebrosius: quod prospicientem ad libidinem provocaret. Fecimus pueros depingi non ab scondentes pudibunda ad manifestam sexus discretionem quod cum decere possit infantes/ adultos vel maxime dedeceret. Quare si isti tetrici non velint quiescere vadant in templa/ et puerum salvatorem e sinu virginis matris tollant: ut eum vel circumscindant denuo vel (iuxta praeceptum evangelicum) lumbos ipsius praecingant: cum a summis opificibus nudus sine omni perizomate formari soleat. Sed hec dixisse supervacuaneum putabitur. procedamus nunc ad alia.</P> <P><FONT COLOR="#AF0000"><A NAME=risque></A>Before moving on to other topics, we did not think it inconvenient to respond with a few words to those harsh Catos. They are so endowed with Hippolytus' and Penelope's shame, that they think this book should be condemned as a disgusting thing because we've illustrated the genders of the declinable parts of speech with pictures where the sex can be recognized by obvious signs. Please let those so-called critics of virtue go off content noting this testament to reverence and modesty, namely that we didn't depict the masculine gender with the red Hellespontic guardian , the famous Priapus, who is said to be more endowed than the norm. Nor for the femiline gender did we depict a nude Venus or something even more disreputable which would entice the viewer to lust. We have made boys be depicted without hiding their private parts for the clear distinction of their sex, which can be decent in the case of infants, but is extremely indecent for adults. But if these gloomy critics won't keep quiet, let them go to the churches and snatch the boy savior from his virgin mother's lap, so they can either circumcise him again or gird his loins according to the evangelic precept. For he is usually depicted by the best artists nude without any loincloth at all. But it will be considered superfluous to have said all this--let us move on to other things</FONT></P> </td> <td> <P> <IMG SRC="http://mywebpages.comcast.net/pythian/cia/grammatica/12b-13a-gender2.gif" WIDTH=311 HEIGHT=589 ALIGN=left> </td> </tr></table> </td></tr></table> <hr><br><br> <center><b><font size="1">Trionfi.com </b>has its focus on Tarot History and especially the origin of Tarot in 15th century, also the representation of about 100 000 Tarot and other playing cards in the Tarot Museum. <br><b>The Chapter Imperatori Decks</b> describes the playing card development between 1420 and 1440, a time of preparation of the later Trionfi decks. <br> Author: when not otherwise specified, autorbis. Copyright: trionfi.com. 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