Early Playing Cards Research

<table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="0"> <tr><td><a name="a"><b><font size="3" color="#0033ff" face="Verdana, Arial Narrow">    A</font></b></a><a href="http://autorbis.net" target="_blank"><font size="1" face="Verdana, Arial Narrow">UTORBIS.net </font></a> - <a href="http://trionfi.com" target="_blank"><font size="1" face="Verdana, Arial Narrow">TRIONFI.com </font></a> </td> <td align="right"><font size="1" face="Verdana, Arial Narrow">created 2003 - 2006       </td> </tr></table><hr size="1" width="90%"> <table width="100%"><tr><td rowspan="2" width="30%" align="left" valign="top" bgcolor="#dddddd"> <h3>PLAYING CARDS</h3> <b><font size="+1">Very early references <br>     - 1370/80</font> <ul><br> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/90/">Introduction and list of Links</a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/91/">Stuart Kaplan's list</a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/92/">Huck Meyer's opinion</a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/93/">Marseille 1337</a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/95/">Playing Cards in Bohemia 1340 (?)</a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/94/">Old German/Swiss notes</a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/21/">Early Paper Mills in Europe</a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/01/">Early Prohibitions (- ca. 1420)</a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/02/">Other early Notes (- ca. 1420)</a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/22/">L. A. Mayer: Mamluk Playing Cards</a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/96/">References Muslim World</a> </ul> <font size="+1">Germany</font><br><ul> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/10/">Johannes of Rheinfelden 1377</a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/20/">Early German Card producers</a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/25/">German Decks (15th cent.)</a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/07/">Notes to Karnöffel, Keyserspiel </a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/c/05/">The Name Karnöffel </a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/06/">(Imperatori decks / Ferrara)</a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/mi/00/" target="_blank">MEISTER INGOLD</a> </ul> <font size="+1">France</font><br><ul> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/03/">France and Burgund (14th/15th century)</a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/15/">The Gringonneur Case</a> <LI><A HREF="http://trionfi.com/0/p/26/">Valentina Visconti and the French Court 1392 - 1397</A> </ul> <font size="+1">England</font><br><ul> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/45/">Earliest reference in England in 1413</a> </ul> <font size="+1">Milan</font><br><ul> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/08/">Prohibitions Filippo Maria Visconti</a> <li><a href="http://geocities.com/research_of_tarot/doc08.html" target="_blank">Vita di Filippo Visconti</a><br><br> </ul> <font size="+1">Ferrara</font><br><ul> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/04/">Notes about Printing (Ferrara)</a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/06/">Notes about Imperatori decks</a> <br>    in Ferrara (1423 - 1452) </ul> <font size="+1">Florence</font><br><ul> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/05/">Prohibition around Florence</a><br>    (1377 - ca. 1500) <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/14/">Conclusions about Florence </a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/09/">Notes about Minchiate </a> </ul> <font size="+1">Further Articles to <A HREF="http://trionfi.com/0/l/50/" target="_blank">CITIES</A></font><br><br> <font size="+1"><A HREF="http://trionfi.com/0/e/" target="_blank">TRIONFI DOCUMENTATION</A></font><br><br> <font size="+1">Further Articles <br>     and Conclusions </font><br>related partly also to the theme "Trionfi"<br><br> <ul> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/27/">Early Printing dates (in development)</a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/12/">Trionfi-Kids</a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/13/">Trionfi and Church</a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/18/">Count Parravicino 1903</a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/25/">First appearance 5x14-theory 1974</a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/23/">Early Notes to "Tarot" (provisional)</a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/28/">Tarocchi appropriati</a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/17/">Sermones de Ludo cum aliis<br> - Information</a><br><br> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/24/">Knights Orders</a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/19/">Ronfa - Notes</a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/16/">The Cardplaying Wheel</a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/29/">Felix Fabri / Playing Card Notes</a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/40/">Il Cortegiano / Castiglione</a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/70/">Franco Pratesi: Bibliography</a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/41/">Oldest Divination with Playing Cards</a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/82/">Collection Playing habits</a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/42/">5 Decks in Ambras Collection</a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/89/">Unusual Tarocchi cards, described 1849</a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/87/">Jehan Bresson, 4 Spanish Tarocchi 1570</a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/43/">Vespasiano da Bisticci - gambling notes</a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/44/">Connaisseur 1754 - Gambling Satire</a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/71/">Links to Playing Tarot/Tarock</a> </ul></b> </ul></td><td height="50" align="left" valign="top" bgcolor="#dddddd"> Playing Cards - Documents and Articles </td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> <h1>The church and card-playing in 15th century </h1><br> <br> Peoples of the church often engaged against card-playing in 15th century. The preachers San Bernardino and St. John Capistran became most famous, they attracted thousands of visitors and organised enormous bon fires, in which - among other items of worldly life - also card playing decks were burnt. The cities changed their laws, when these preachers appeared and often turned back to their older habits, when they were gone. <br> <br> <b>San Bernadino</b> gave us the information, that in 1423 decks with 4x14-structure were in use, also the legend is there, that a card producer lost his income and turned to produce pictures with IHS-symbols cause of his preachings. <br> <b>St. John Capestran</b> caused a great burning of games in 1452 in Nuernberg, before leaving to fight successfully with the Osmans. <br> <b>Cusanus, Pope Pius II. </b>and cardinal<b> Bessarion, </b>living in a phase of greater humanistic tolerance<b> </b>are suspected to have invented the socalled Mantegna-Tarocchi, probably  a not reliable suggestion. <br> <b>Savonarola</b> deeply influenced Florence and the history of art by burning objects of luxury - it was a last final try to push the achievements of renaissance back into medieval conditions, but it didn't work - people wanted to read and wanted to think for themselves. And also they wanted to play cards without prohibitions.<br> Cardinal <b>Ascanio Sforza </b>was a son from Francesco Sforza and the Sforza-family is famous cause their card-playing and their precious games. In his youth he was very fond of card-playing - brother Galeazzo Maria once forbade him to do so. Later he was the possessor of luxury-decks. Pope Alexander VI., under whom  Ascanio reached the climax of his carreer as the second man in the church, was known as a notorious card-player. <b><br> </b>An<b> unknown preacher </b>against cards<b> </b>left us ironically with the first list of trumps in a row and gives  us the first sign of a numerolgy related to the cards.<br> <br> <b> San Bernardino </b><b> preached against card-playing  (1423) </b> <br> <a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02505b.htm" target="_blank"> Biography </a> <br> <a href="http://www.firponet.com/Francesco/Servants/Bern_Siena/Fran_serv_BernSiena_eng.htm" target="_blank"> Biography with pictures and reference to the card producer<br> </a><a href="http://www.aug.edu/augusta/iconography/bernardino.html" target="_blank"> 3 pictures with Bernardino and IHS-Symbol </a><a href="http://www.firponet.com/Francesco/Servants/Bern_Siena/Fran_serv_BernSiena_eng.htm" target="_blank"> <br> </a> <br> <b> St. John Capistran </b><b> burnt cards (1452) </b> <br> <a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08452a.htm" target="_blank"> Biography<br> </a><a href="http://www.katolikus.hu/hun-saints/john.html" target="_blank"> Biography </a><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08452a.htm" target="_blank"> <br> </a><a href="http://www.ceupress.com/books/html/TheMiraclesOfStJohnOfCapistran.html" target="_blank"> Miracles in Hungary<br> </a><a href="http://www.abcgallery.com/I/italy/crivelli.html" target="_blank"> Picture of Capestran in group and picture of St. James by Crivelli </a><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08452a.htm" target="_blank"> <br> </a> <br> <b> Cusanus </b><b> eventually invented the Mantegna Tarocchi (1459) </b> <br> <a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11060b.htm" target="_blank"> Biography <br> </a><a href="http://www.net-art.net/kropp/gelehrte.htm" target="_blank"> Biographie (umfangreich in deutsch)<br> </a><a href="http://www.net-art.de/kropp/cusalang.htm#Nikolaus%20von%20Kues%20%28Cusanus%29%20Bishof%20von%20Brixen" target="_blank"> Time-table of the last years (deutsch) </a> <br> <a href="http://www.cla.umn.edu/jhopkins/DeLudo12-2000.pdf" target="_blank"> De Ludo Globi (complete text  in English) </a> <br> <a href="http://www.ib.hu-berlin.de/%7Epz/big/cusanus/kues.htm" target="_blank"> Biographie mit Beschreibung der Bibiliothek (deutsch) </a> <br> <a href="http://www.sunysb.edu/philosophy/faculty/lmiller/Delinonaliud.htm" target="_blank"> Discussion of philosophical treatise </a> <br> <a href="http://www.google.de/search?q=cache:-asI6OeKlDYC:www.kaththeol.uni-muenchen.de/grabmann/philosophie/vigmap.doc+Marsilius+astrologia&hl=en&ie=UTF-8" target="_blank"> Cusanus-Kongress (deutsch-italienisch)<br> </a><a href="http://www.philosophie.uni-mainz.de/cusanus.jpg" target="_blank"> Picture of Cusanus </a><a href="http://www.google.de/search?q=cache:-asI6OeKlDYC:www.kaththeol.uni-muenchen.de/grabmann/philosophie/vigmap.doc+Marsilius+astrologia&hl=en&ie=UTF-8" target="_blank"> <br> </a> <br> <b> Pope Pius II. </b><b> (Enea Silvio de' Piccolomini) eventually invented the Mantegna-Tarocchi (1459) </b> <br> <a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12126c.htm" target="_blank"> Biography<br> </a><a href="http://kunmr.chem.ukans.edu/%7Edave/piccolomini.html" target="_blank"> Piccolomini-Library in Siena </a> and <a href="http://www.kfki.hu/%7Earthp/html/p/pinturic/siena/" target="_blank"> the same </a><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12126c.htm" target="_blank"> <br> </a><a href="http://msimonetta.web.wesleyan.edu/wescourses/2002s/ital233/01/1458.htm" target="_blank"> Picture: Election of Pope Pius II. 1458 </a><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12126c.htm" target="_blank"> <br> <br> </a><b> Bessarion </b><b> eventually invented the Mantegna-Tarocchi (1459) </b> <br> <a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02527b.htm" target="_blank"> Biography<br> </a><a href="http://www.xs4all.nl/%7Ebph/article_Huisman.html" target="_blank"> Bessarion and Hermeticism </a><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02527b.htm" target="_blank"> <br> <br> </a><b> Savonarola </b><b> burnt cards and was burnt (1498) </b> <br> <a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13490a.htm" target="_blank"> Biography </a> <br> <a href="http://www.historyguide.org/intellect/lecture5a.html" target="_blank"> Savonarola and the Protestantic Reformation<br> </a><a href="http://www.boisestate.edu/courses/hy309/docs/burckhardt/6-3.html" target="_blank"> Jacob Burckhardt, 6. chapter </a> <br> <a href="http://library.floresca.net/1065-3.html" target="_blank"> How Savonarola burnt cards - use the Browsers search-function with "cards" </a> <br> <a href="http://www.kfki.hu/%7Earthp/highlight.cgi?file=html/s/signorel/brizio/1/1antich1.html&find=Ficino" target="_blank"> Picture with reference to Savonarola as Antichrist<br> <br> </a><b> An </b><b> Unknown Preacher </b><b> informs us (1480 - 1500)<br> </b><a href="http://members.pgv.at/homer/tarock/steele.htm" target="_blank"> Sermo Perutilis de Ludo, Ludi Inductio </a><a href="http://members.pgv.at/homer/tarock/steele.htm" target="_blank"><b> <br> </b></a><a href="http://www.kfki.hu/%7Earthp/highlight.cgi?file=html/s/signorel/brizio/1/1antich1.html&find=Ficino" target="_blank"> <br> </a><b> Ascanio Sforza </b><b> played cards (most powerful around 1490 - 1500) </b><a href="http://www.kfki.hu/%7Earthp/highlight.cgi?file=html/s/signorel/brizio/1/1antich1.html&find=Ficino" target="_blank"> <br> </a><a href="http://www.bautz.de/bbkl/s/s3/sforza_a_m.shtml" target="_blank"> Biographie (deutsch) </a><a href="http://www.kfki.hu/%7Earthp/highlight.cgi?file=html/s/signorel/brizio/1/1antich1.html&find=Ficino" target="_blank"> <br> </a><a href="http://www.kfki.hu/%7Earthp/html/s/sansovin/andrea/sforza.html" target="_blank"> Monument, </a> and the <a href="http://www.kfki.hu/%7Earthp/html/s/sansovin/andrea/sforza.html" target="_blank"> </a><a href="http://rubens.anu.edu.au/new/osaka/popolo.tests/ascsforza/ascsforza.html" target="_blank"> same Monument<br> </a><a href="http://www.bautz.de/bbkl/j/Josquin.shtml" target="_blank"> about a friend of Ascania (deutsch), a singer<br> </a><a href="http://www.mmdtkw.org/VBorgias.html" target="_blank"> Pope Alexander VI. played notoriously cards <br> <br> </a><b> General Informations </b> <br> <a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12272b.htm" target="_blank"> List of Popes with biographies until 1900 </a><a href="http://www.mmdtkw.org/VBorgias.html" target="_blank"> <br> </a><a href="http://www.fiu.edu/%7Emirandas/consistories-xv.htm" target="_blank"> List of cardinals 15th century<br> </a><a href="http://www.graciouscall.org/books/history/6_ch06.htm" target="_blank"> The Last Popes of the Middle Ages 1447 - 1521 </a><br><br> </td></tr></table> <hr><br><br> <center><b><font size="1">Trionfi.com </b>has its focus on Tarot History and especially the origin of Tarot in 15th century, also the representation of about 100 000 Tarot and other playing cards in the Tarot Museum. <br><b>The Chapter "Playing Cards - Documents and Articles"</b> presents specific material to the situation of playing card development in late 14th and 15th century. <br> Author: when not otherwise specified, autorbis. 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