Early Playing Cards Research

<table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="0"> <tr><td><a name="a"><b><font size="3" color="#0033ff" face="Verdana, Arial Narrow">    A</font></b></a><a href="http://autorbis.net" target="_blank"><font size="1" face="Verdana, Arial Narrow">UTORBIS.net </font></a> - <a href="http://trionfi.com" target="_blank"><font size="1" face="Verdana, Arial Narrow">TRIONFI.com </font></a> </td> <td align="right"><font size="1" face="Verdana, Arial Narrow">created 2003 - 2006       </td> </tr></table><hr size="1" width="90%"> <table width="100%"><tr><td rowspan="2" width="30%" align="left" valign="top" bgcolor="#dddddd"> <h3>PLAYING CARDS</h3> <b><font size="+1">Very early references <br>     - 1370/80</font> <ul><br> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/90/">Introduction and list of Links</a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/91/">Stuart Kaplan's list</a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/92/">Huck Meyer's opinion</a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/93/">Marseille 1337</a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/95/">Playing Cards in Bohemia 1340 (?)</a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/94/">Old German/Swiss notes</a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/21/">Early Paper Mills in Europe</a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/01/">Early Prohibitions (- ca. 1420)</a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/02/">Other early Notes (- ca. 1420)</a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/22/">L. A. Mayer: Mamluk Playing Cards</a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/96/">References Muslim World</a> </ul> <font size="+1">Germany</font><br><ul> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/10/">Johannes of Rheinfelden 1377</a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/20/">Early German Card producers</a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/25/">German Decks (15th cent.)</a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/07/">Notes to Karnöffel, Keyserspiel </a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/c/05/">The Name Karnöffel </a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/06/">(Imperatori decks / Ferrara)</a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/mi/00/" target="_blank">MEISTER INGOLD</a> </ul> <font size="+1">France</font><br><ul> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/03/">France and Burgund (14th/15th century)</a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/15/">The Gringonneur Case</a> <LI><A HREF="http://trionfi.com/0/p/26/">Valentina Visconti and the French Court 1392 - 1397</A> </ul> <font size="+1">England</font><br><ul> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/45/">Earliest reference in England in 1413</a> </ul> <font size="+1">Milan</font><br><ul> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/08/">Prohibitions Filippo Maria Visconti</a> <li><a href="http://geocities.com/research_of_tarot/doc08.html" target="_blank">Vita di Filippo Visconti</a><br><br> </ul> <font size="+1">Ferrara</font><br><ul> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/04/">Notes about Printing (Ferrara)</a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/06/">Notes about Imperatori decks</a> <br>    in Ferrara (1423 - 1452) </ul> <font size="+1">Florence</font><br><ul> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/05/">Prohibition around Florence</a><br>    (1377 - ca. 1500) <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/14/">Conclusions about Florence </a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/09/">Notes about Minchiate </a> </ul> <font size="+1">Further Articles to <A HREF="http://trionfi.com/0/l/50/" target="_blank">CITIES</A></font><br><br> <font size="+1"><A HREF="http://trionfi.com/0/e/" target="_blank">TRIONFI DOCUMENTATION</A></font><br><br> <font size="+1">Further Articles <br>     and Conclusions </font><br>related partly also to the theme "Trionfi"<br><br> <ul> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/27/">Early Printing dates (in development)</a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/12/">Trionfi-Kids</a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/13/">Trionfi and Church</a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/18/">Count Parravicino 1903</a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/25/">First appearance 5x14-theory 1974</a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/23/">Early Notes to "Tarot" (provisional)</a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/28/">Tarocchi appropriati</a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/17/">Sermones de Ludo cum aliis<br> - Information</a><br><br> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/24/">Knights Orders</a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/19/">Ronfa - Notes</a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/16/">The Cardplaying Wheel</a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/29/">Felix Fabri / Playing Card Notes</a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/40/">Il Cortegiano / Castiglione</a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/70/">Franco Pratesi: Bibliography</a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/41/">Oldest Divination with Playing Cards</a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/82/">Collection Playing habits</a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/42/">5 Decks in Ambras Collection</a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/89/">Unusual Tarocchi cards, described 1849</a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/87/">Jehan Bresson, 4 Spanish Tarocchi 1570</a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/43/">Vespasiano da Bisticci - gambling notes</a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/44/">Connaisseur 1754 - Gambling Satire</a> <li><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/71/">Links to Playing Tarot/Tarock</a> </ul></b> </ul></td><td height="50" align="left" valign="top" bgcolor="#dddddd"> Playing Cards - Documents and Articles </td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> <h1>Early Card painters and Printers in Germany, Austria and Flandern (14th and 15th century)</h1> Analysis of the data to early card painters and printers in Germany and Flandern as collected by W.L. Schreiber in <i>Die ältesten Spielkarten und die auf das Kartenspiel Bezug habenden Urkunden des 14. und 15. Jahrh.</i> (1937), p. 133 - 135, in relation to "1390: first German paper mill in Nürnberg" and a later paper mill near Basel. <br> Schreiber didn't collect data to the profession "Formschneider", but adds in his remarks, that likely early Formschneiders (which are frequently mentioned in old documents) worked also as playing card producers. <br><br> <center><table bgcolour="#ffffff" width="90%" border="0"><tr> <td> </td> <td>- 1450</td> <td>- 1460</td> <td>- 1470</td> <td>- 1480</td> <td>- 1490</td> <td>- 1500</td> </tr><tr> <td>Nürnberg</td> <td>8</td> <td>1</td> <td>9</td> <td>9</td> <td>8</td> <td>3</td></tr><tr> <td>Augsburg - near to Nürnberg</td> <td>1</td> <td>-</td> <td>1</td> <td>7</td> <td>8</td> <td>5</td></tr><tr> <td>Ulm - near to Nürnberg</td> <td>3</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>-</td> <td>1</td> <td>3</td></tr><tr> <td>Bamberg - very near to Nürnberg</td> <td>1</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td></tr><tr> <td>Ansbach - very near to Nürnberg</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td></tr><tr> <td>Würzburg - very near to Nürnberg</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>1</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td></tr><tr> <td>Regensburg - near to Nürnberg</td> <td>-</td> <td>1</td> <td>4</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>-</td></tr><tr> <td>Nördlingen - near to Nürnberg</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>1</td> <td>-</td> <td>1</td> <td>-</td></tr><tr> <td>Strassburg - near to Basel</td> <td>3</td> <td>-</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>1</td> <td>-</td></tr><tr> <td>Basel</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>3</td> <td>6</td> <td>6</td> <td>2</td></tr><tr> <td>Munich - near to Basel</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>2</td></tr><tr> <td>Leipzig - greater distance to Nürnberg</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>3</td></tr><tr> <td>Breslau - greater distance to Nürnberg</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>3</td></tr><tr> <td>Vienna - greater distance to Nürnberg</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>4</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td></tr><tr> <td>Tournai - very far to Nürnberg</td> <td>2</td> <td>4</td> <td>2</td> <td>1</td> <td>4</td> <td>5</td></tr></table> </center> <br><br> <h3>Schreiber's lists</h3> <b>Ansbach</b><br> <br>1478 "der kartenmaler" <br>1486 the Jew Schonlein and his wife as card painters (- 1489) <br>1496 Hans kartenmaler (- 1507) <br><br><b>Augsburg</b> <br><br>1418 Hans <br>1462 Stefan <br>1471 Christoph Trächsel <br>1471 Hans Gogel (- 1495) <br>1471 Sorg (father of a book printer) <br>1475 Thomas Drächsel <br>1475 Hans Müller (- 1497) <br>1475 Hans Rüst (died 1484) <br>1479 Christoph <br>1484 widow of Hans Rüst (Rustin) <br>1486 Erhart <br>1486 Gabriel <br>1486 Jos. Singer (1497 - ) <br>1488 Hans Högner (Hagner - 1496; compare Leipzig 1500) <br>1488 Kretzenmacher <br>1488 Hans Winnhauser <br>1488 Hans Riss (- 1497) <br>1492 Katharina (Kartenmacherin) <br>1492 Thoman <br>1494 Jerg <br>1495 Blesy <br>1497 Ulrich Müller <br><br><b>Bamberg</b> <br><br>1444 Jörg Hon <br><br><b>Basel</b> <br><br>1461 Jacob Philips <br>1464 Lienhart Ysenhut (- 1507) <br>1470 Claus Förster von Augsburg (- 1499) <br>1473 Adam von Spir (- 1489) <br>1475 Michel Pöler (- 1480) <br>1476 Henki (- 1494) <br>1477 Thomas Swartz (- 1511) <br>1478 Ludwig Bottschuch (- 1512) <br>1479 Schweblin <br>1483 Peter Lebersoll (- 1486) <br>1485 Heinrich Dietler <br>1485 Jacob Reideler (- 1500) <br>1487 Fridli Hirsinger (- 1499) <br>1487 Hans Bastor (- 1488) <br>1490 Turfs Meder (- 1492) <br>1494 (hans Esel <br>1494 Michel Gwicht (- 1512) <br><br><b>Breslau</b> <br><br>1490 Niklas Meynhart (1497) <br>1499 a card painter attacked another with a knife <br><br><b>Frankfurt a.M.</b> <br><br>1392 Hensel of Wissenburg <br><br><b>Leipzig</b> <br><br>1490 Melchior Rist von Nördlingen (- 1521 or 1522) <br>1492 Caspar Ryss von Nürnberg <br>1500 Hans Hegener von Augsburg <br><br><b>Munich</b> <br><br>1500 Partlme <br>1500 Wilhelm <br><br><b>Nördlingen</b> <br><br>1463 Lärenz Schurner von Ulm <br>1489 Melchior Rist moves to Leipzig <br><br><b>Nürnberg</b> <br><br>1414 "der kartenmoler" <br>1422 Michel Wyener (- 1447) <br>1431 Hans Heilgensmid (- 1433) <br>1433 Ell Kartenmacherin <br>1441 Michel Winterperck (- 1452) <br>1443 Herman (- 1447) <br>1445 Hans Paur (- 1447) <br>1459 Michel (female card painter, died in this year) <br>1462 Pueri Stephan <br>1462 Erhart Stein (- 1463) <br>1463 Sygmunt Wynner <br>1465 H. Hylprant <br>1465 H. Swind <br>1467 Vincent Seltzam (becomes citizen) <br>1467 Endres Kartenmollerin (died this year) <br>1467 Pueri Hultprant <br>1470 Hanns Prawnt (becomes citizen, compare 1470) <br>1471 Lehener <br>1475 Erhard Puchner <br>1477 Jacob Perchinger (- 1482) <br>1478 Hanns Franck (becomes citizen) <br>1478 Jacob (- 1480; compare 1477) <br>1479 Hanns Sporer (- 1487) <br>1479 Kathran Steinin Kartenmallerin (died this year) <br>1479 Margaretha Ulrich Kartenmalerin (died this year) <br>1480 Caspar Lechner (died this year) <br>1482 Hanns Wiedersatz (died this year) <br>1483 Hermann Hilprand (died this year) <br>1484 Adam Sumenhart <br>1485 Lorentz Kün (became citizen) <br>1486 Hanns Prant (compare 1470) <br>1487 Jörg Marckart <br>1489 Hans Lengker (became citizen) <br>1490 Schürstab <br>1490 Jörg Rauch (Rauhe,- 1495) <br>1495 Fritz Zwierswager <br>1500 Andreas Gogl (becomes citizen) <br><br><b>Regensburg</b> <br><br>1460 Margko Rotnfeld aufdrucker <br>1461 Wenczl maler aufdrucker <br>1463 Görg priefdrucker <br>1463 Linhart Wolff priefdrucker <br>1464 Henricus Vennd callmaler <br>1471 Johannes Eysenhut aufdruckter <br>1481 Ulrich Ketner <br><br><b>Strassburg</b> <br><br>1440 Johann Meidenbach (- 1444) <br>1448 Berchthold Lebesanft (- 1451) <br>1449 Hans Seman (- 1466) <br>1466 Augustinus (- 1475) <br>1466 Bartholomaeus Kistler von Spire (- 1486) <br>1476 Hans Lutzelmann <br>1478 Jörg von Würzburg <br>1481 Symunt <br><br><b>Ulm</b> <br><br>1402 der Kartenmaler <br>1434 Hans Wachter <br>1449 Heinrich Kartenmacher <br>1460 Peter Kartenmaler <br>1463 Lorenz Schürnow (moved this year to Nördlingen) <br>1469 Hans Hainlein <br>1481 Peter Heckennagel <br>1495 Jörg Spalt <br>1495 Hans und Anton Nürnberger <br><br><b>Würzburg</b> <br><br>1462 der Kartenmacher <br><br><b>Tournai (Flandern)</b> <br><br>1427 Michel Noel (- 1442) <br>1427 Phillippe de Bos (- c. 1450) <br>1456 Jean de Wingle <br>1457 filz du goudalier <br>1458 Martin de Baisieu <br>1460 Jean de Baisieu <br>1466 Jean Iterot (lived still 1499, his widow proceeded the business till 1509) <br>1468 Martin Daret (- 1505) <br>1468 Pierre Mainet (- ca. 1509) <br>1473 Phillippe a Quartes (- 1481) <br>1482 Antoine Hanicoul (- 1488) <br>1486 Nicolas Molier <br>1487 Antoine Bighait (- 1505) <br>1489 Waleram Hancocq (- 1505) <br>1491 Jean Iterot le jeune (- 1505) <br>1491 Guillaume Bighait (- 1509) <br>1493 Paul de Fatrissant <br>1498 Guillaume D ret (- 1526) <br>1499 Claude Bighet (- 1526) <br><br><b>Vienna (Austria)</b> <br><br>1471 Valentin Hagenberger Aufdrucker <br>1477 Cuntz Mair Aufdrucker <br>1479 Simon Perkheimer <br>1479 Jorg Schneider Aufdrucker <br>1498 Jobst Cossmann Briefmaler <br>1501 Woffenberger <br><br> <b>(composed by autorbis</b><br><br> <hr width="90%"><br><br> Note: The analysis is made according the data available in the year 1932 (Schreiber died this year, his book was published posthum some years later). <br> We've a natural interest to update the data to current available information, if you've better informations, we would be enjoyed, if you take contact at the yahoogroup "LTarot". <br><br> <hr width="90%"><br><br> <h3>German Cardmakers in Italy</h3> German cardmakers early on mass-produced cards and also travelled a lot. Here is what I have found in regards to Italy so far. Can we add to it? 1395 Bologna. "A certain Federico of German origin, suspected of pushing counterfeit coins in Bologna in 1395, also sold 'cartas figuratas et pictas ad imagines et figuras sanctorum'*". [Ortalli 1996, 197; Orioli 1908, 112]<br> *"card-forms painted with images and forms of the saints". <br><br> 1427 Bologna. John of Cologne ("Giovanni di Colonia"), son of John "who makes pictured playing cards" (qui facit cartesellas depictas ad ludendum) is noted as having injured another cardmaker, Giovanni da Bologna, in a fight. [Orioli 1908, 111-112]<br><br> 1441 Venice. A law is passed forbidding imported cards (Kaplan asserts, based on what source I don't know but probably correctly, that this law was aimed at German cards rather than competition with other Italian cities, such as Bologna or Florence). [Many sources, e.g. Kaplan 1978, 26; Ortalli 1996, 197 note 96] <br><br> 1459 Bologna. Master John of Rudolf of Germany ("maestro Giovanni di Rodolfo di Alemagna") recognizes the cards stolen in a robbery as his. (Orioli says the title "magister" suggests John is the card- maker, but admits it is not clear.) [Orioli 1908, 112]<br><br> <h4>Sources</h4> Kaplan 1978, "The Encyclopedia of Tarot" (US Games Systems Inc.) <br><br> Orioli 1908 "Sulle carte da giuoco a Bologna nel secolo XV" (Il Libro e la Stampa, n.s. II, pp. 109-119) <br><br> Ortalli 1996 "The Prince and the Playing Cards. The Este family and the role of the courts at the time of the Kartenspiel-Invasion" (Ludica II (1996) pp. 175-205) <br><br> <b>(Ross Gregory Caldwell)</b> </td></tr></table> <hr><br><br> <center><b><font size="1">Trionfi.com </b>has its focus on Tarot History and especially the origin of Tarot in 15th century, also the representation of about 100 000 Tarot and other playing cards in the Tarot Museum. <br><b>The Chapter "Playing Cards - Documents and Articles"</b> presents specific material to the situation of playing card development in late 14th and 15th century. <br> Author: when not otherwise specified, autorbis. Copyright: trionfi.com. 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