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Trionfi

Tarot
as a Game

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John McLeod's collection of Tarot-Rules (and many other games) all around the world.

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Many aspects of Playing Cards

Andy Pollett
A report about early Playing Card development.
Old Rules
The rules of 1637 are the oldest Tarot Rules, that we know. But it's also interesting to watch out for other ways to play with cards.
Period Games
Hans-Joachim Alscher's Document Collection
About Playing Trionfi in 15th Century
All that we know about Trionfi Playing in that time - which is not much.

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Trionfi Players
The following is only a rough consideration, which facts of 15th century do touch the question, how the game "Trionfi" was played during this time. The article will find later some progress, in the moment there is no time for it.

1. We've rudimentary rules for the Michelino deck inside the manuscript of Martiano da Tortona. This is from ca. 1425 or little earlier.
2. We've the phenomen, that certain early documents about Trionfi-cards seem to accompany Trionfi-events.
This might be true for the documents of the Martiano-manuscript (ca. 1425), "14 figure" (1441, perhaps a prognosted deck for a marriage Leonello-Bianca Maria Visconti), possibly the Cary-Yale-Tarocchi (marriage Sforza - Bianca Maria Visconti), the document 01 (1442; Leonello is new Signore in Ferrara), the document 04 (a Ferrara-Leonello production, which runs parallel in time to a Trionfo of Francesco Sforza in Milano in March 1450), document 06 (Borso is new signore in Ferrara and perhaps commissioned these decks in relation to a personal trionfo).
This means, that nearly all early documents seem to relate to those sort of events and with that to the character of the possibly related game, which indicates "show" and not really "play". Something, which seems to have changed at least in 1456, when Trotti signals, that "Trionfi" are a good game.
3. An observation, which I did and whose importance was not accepted by John McLeod in private discussion: I think, that some of the later rules seem to show a tendency to be based on the number 70 (according to 70 cards in the early game).
4. A speciality inside the suits-system, about which I've written the article The Card Playing wheel .
5. "The first pleasure came from the distribution of the cards, made by the one who has the better: every one read the verses in his cards and show’em to the companions. And sometimes the tercets are so appropriate that the friends laugh heartily." This decription is from Viti's commentary to the Boiardo deck. Here the poetical game seems to have had some dominance.
6. The name Trionfi is once changed in Taraux and Tarocchi (the first use of these words is known from 1505). A game called "trumps" or similar lives in various languages since then in concurrence to Tarot (Taraux and Tarocchi) - this difference seems to be given at least with Rabelais 1534).

(autorbis)

Deck from 18th century
Books in Review
The ultimative book about Tarot and its rules by Michael Dummett and John McLeod.
Many
others from the IPSC and more others.
Tarocchi: Introducing the Card Games for Tarot by Philebus (also at Tarocchino.com
Playing Online (mostly French server)
You can play Tarot online at various places.
Ludiclub
Webtarot
Objectiftarot.net / English
Foxtarot
Klio - Mantegna-Tarocchi
Animal-Tarock
Watching Pictures
Our Tarot Museum, a massive collection of Playing Cards and Tarot Cards all around the web. Tarot iconography with articles from Andrea Vitali.
FAQ
Answers to various questions about playing cards.
Tarot FAQ
Articles to early playing card development
Father Time, Mitelli-deck
20th century deck
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Trionfi.com, description : History of Tarot in 15th century. Research for the Origin of Tarot, Tarocchi and Trionfi, old playing cards, Karnöffel, Minchiate, chess, playing card suits, medieval iconography, astrology, Geomantia, humanism, Ferrara, Milan (Milano), Florence, Mantua (Mantova), the families Visconti, Sforza, Malatesta, Este, Gonzaga, Medici, biography of Filippo Maria Visconti, Francesco Sforza, Leonello d'Este, Bianca Maria Visconti, Parisina, Lorenzo de Medici, Guarino, Rene d'Anjou, Jacopo Antonio Marcello, Matteo Maria Boiardo, Sagramoro, Michelino da Besozzo, Ludovico Gonzaga, history of Italy, Germany and France in 15th century, ways to modern Tarot, free Tarot card reading online (facade)
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