Trionfi Cards - Early Documents

<table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="0"> <tr><td><a name="a"><b><font size="3" color="#0033ff" face="Verdana, Arial Narrow">    A</font></b></a><a href="http://autorbis.net" target="_blank"><font size="1" face="Verdana, Arial Narrow">UTORBIS.net </font></a> - <a href="http://trionfi.com" target="_blank"><font size="1" face="Verdana, Arial Narrow">TRIONFI.com </font></a> </td> <td align="right"><font size="1" face="Verdana, Arial Narrow">created 2003 - 2006       </td> </tr></table><hr size="1" width="90%"> <table width="100%"><tr><td rowspan="2" width="30%" align="left" valign="top" bgcolor="#dddddd"> <b><font size="+1">The term "Trionfi"<br> - in relation to playing cards</font><br><br> <font face="Verdana, Arial" size="2"><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/e/" target="top">Start Documents</a><br> <br><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/e/00/">Analyses</a><br></font> <br><br> <a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/06/">1423: Imperatori - first note </a><br><br> March 1425: Birth of Bianca Maria Visconti<br> May 1425: Parisina killed<br> June 1425: Trionfo Filippo Visconti<br><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/b/" target="_top">(Michelino Deck ?)</a><br><br> 1438: Council in Ferrara<br> 1439: Council in Florence<br> (real Trionfo - probably no cards)<br> <br> <a href="http://trionfi.com/0/e/00a/">Burchiello</a><br> <br> Autumn 1441 Bianca Maria Visconti in Ferrara<br> (small Trionfo at her arrival - no cards)<br> <br> <a href="http://trionfi.com/0/e/00b/">14 Figure, 1.1.1441</a><br> (Marriage Trionfo projected ?)<br> <br> October 1441 Marriage Bianca Maria Visconti<br> (Cary-Yale Tarocchi?, Marriage-Trionfo ?)<br> Marcello is already near to Francesco Sforza <br><br> December 1441: Leonello new Signore in Milano <br> <a href="http://trionfi.com/0/e/01/">01  1442/1  Ferrara/Sagramoro</a><br> (February 1442 / Trionfo projected ?)<br> <br> <a href="http://trionfi.com/0/e/02/">02  1442/2  Ferrara/Kids</a><br> (small Trionfo for the kids <br> according to the interests <br> of their mother (?)<br> <br> <a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/06/">1443 Imperatori - 1st reappearance</a><br> <br> 1443 Real Trionfo in Naples<br> Alfonso of Aragon<br> (no cards known)<br> <br> <a href="http://www.trionfi.com/0/e/00f/">Pause (1443 - 1450)</a><br><br> August 1447: Filippo Maria Visconti dies<br> Decembrio is in Ferrara<br> <a href="http://trionfi.com/0/e/00e/">1447 Decembrio writes "Vita ..."</a><br> <br> <a href="http://geocities.com/research_of_tarot/doc08.html" target="_blank">  Vita di Filippo Maria Visconti</a><br> <br> early 1449: Marcello with Francesco Sforza <br> in the region of Milan<br> Scipio Caraffa didn't know Trionfi decks<br> <a href="http://trionfi.com/0/e/03/">03  1449/1  Marcello letter</a><br> (Nov. 1449)<br><br> 25.2.1450: Francesco Sforza occupies Milan<br> <a href="http://trionfi.com/0/e/04/">04  1450/1  Ferrara/Sagramoro</a><br> 16.3.1450 Trionfi cards are paid<br> 25.3.1450 Leonello visits Milan<br> After 8 years pause suddenly Trionfi decks production in Ferrara<br><br> <a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/06/">Imperatori - 2nd reappearance</a><br> <br> October 1450: Leonello dies<br> Borso new signore in Ferrara<br> <br> <a href="http://trionfi.com/0/e/05/">05  1450/2  Florence</a><br> December 1450: Trionfi allowed (Florence)<br> <br> <a href="http://trionfi.com/0/e/06/">06  1450/3  Sforza letter</a><br> December 1450: Difficulties to get a Trionfi deck <br> <br> <a href="http://trionfi.com/0/e/07/">07  1451/1  Ferrara/Sagramoro</a><br> Borso's Trionfo projected ? <br> <br> <a href="http://trionfi.com/0/e/07b/">07b  1452/1  Siena/Emperor-visit</a> <br><br> <a href="http://trionfi.com/0/e/08/">08  1452/1  Malatesta/Sforza</a><br> The letter signals a Trionfi production in Cremona, perhaps as a preparation for a Trionfo<br> August 1453: Real Trionfo in Milan<br> <br> The peace of Lodi is near (9th of April 1454)<br> Probably Borso prepares <br> already before some Trionfi decks<br> production in series from February till April<br> <a href="http://trionfi.com/0/e/09/">09  1454/1  Ferrara/Sagramoro</a><br> <a href="http://trionfi.com/0/e/10/">10  1454/2  Ferrara/Sagramoro</a><br> <a href="http://trionfi.com/0/e/11/">11  1454/3  Ferrara/production</a><br> <a href="http://trionfi.com/0/e/12/">12  1454/4  Ferrara/production</a><br> <a href="http://trionfi.com/0/e/13/">13  1454/5  Ferrara/production</a><br><br> <a href="http://trionfi.com/0/e/13b/">13b  1455/1 Padua / preaching</a><br><br> <a href="http://trionfi.com/0/e/14/">14  1456/1  Ferrara/Trotti</a><br> Trotti's comment signals, that now Trionfi is (at least in Ferrara) a well known game. <br> <br> <a href="http://trionfi.com/0/e/15/">15  1456/2  Ferrara/Sagramoro</a><br> Last Sagramoro document </p> <p><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/e/16/">16  1457/1  Ferrara/70 cards</a><br> Very important, proves the 5x14 theory<br> </p> <p><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/e/17/">17  1457/2  Ferrara/Vicenza</a><br> <a href="http://trionfi.com/0/e/18/">18  1458/1  Ferrara/Vicenza</a><br> <a href="http://trionfi.com/0/e/19/">19  1459/1  Ferrara/production</a><br><br> <a href="http://trionfi.com/0/e/20/">20  1459/2  Bologna</a><br> First "real" document outside of the courts)<br> <br> <a href="http://trionfi.com/0/e/21/">21  1460/1  Ferrara/Vicenza</a><br> <a href="http://trionfi.com/0/e/22/">22  1460/2  Ferrara/Vicenza</a><br> <a href="http://trionfi.com/0/e/23/">23  1460/3  Ferrara/Vicenza</a><br> <a href="http://trionfi.com/0/e/24/">24  1460/4  Ferrara/Vicenza</a><br> <a href="http://trionfi.com/0/e/25/">25  1460/5  Ferrara/Vicenza</a><br> <a href="http://trionfi.com/0/e/25b/">25b  1460/6 / 1513(?) Ancona - allowance</a><br> <a href="http://trionfi.com/0/e/26/">26  1461/1  Ferrara/Vicenza</a><br> <a href="http://trionfi.com/0/e/26b/">26b  1461/2 Padova / Valerio Marcello</a><br> <a href="http://trionfi.com/0/e/27/">27  1463/1  Ferrara/Vicenza</a><br> <br> <a href="http://trionfi.com/0/e/28/">28 1463: The law, which allowed Trionfi in Florence, is repeated </a><br> Probably the appearance must be interpreted in the way, that experiments are done with the number of trumps. Possibly the begin of the end of the 5x14-structure, possibly related to the new allowance in Florence 1463.<br><br> <h3>Later Notes (not complete)</h3> <a href="http://trionfi.com/0/e/29/">29 Mantova 1465, inventory</a><br><br> <a href="http://trionfi.com/0/p/09/" target="_blank">Minchiate (since 1466)</a><br><br> <a href="http://trionfi.com/0/e/29b/">29b Pavia Castle Frescoes 1469</a><br> <a href="http://trionfi.com/0/e/29c/">29c Ferrara/Modena Bonacossi production</a><br> <a href="http://trionfi.com/0/e/30/">30 Polismagna</a><br> relates to the Decembrio Manuscript<br><BR> <a href="http://trionfi.com/0/e/31/">31 Vita di San Bernardino 1472</a><br><br> <a href="http://trionfi.com/0/e/32/">32 Naples 1473 (Aragon court)</a><br><br> <a href="http://trionfi.com/0/e/33/">33 Naples 1474 (Aragon court, Beatrice)</a><br><br> <a href="http://trionfi.com/0/e/33b/">33b Rome 1474 - 1478 / Import from Florence</a><br><br> <a href="http://trionfi.com/0/e/34/">34 Milan 1475, Letter of Galeazzo Maria Sforza</a><br><br> <a href="http://trionfi.com/0/e/34b/">34b Fabriano 1476, request for allowance</a><br><br> <a href="http://trionfi.com/0/e/35/">35 Bologna 1477, printed decks</a><br><br> <a href="http://trionfi.com/0/e/36/">36b Recanati ca. 1480</a><br><br> <a href="http://trionfi.com/0/e/37/">37 Naples 1482, "Cartaio" Francesco</a><br><br> <a href="http://trionfi.com/0/e/38/">38 French dictionary, 1482</a><br><br> <a href="http://trionfi.com/0/e/38b/">38b Cicognara-note (? forgery)</a><br><br> <a href="http://trionfi.com/0/e/39/">39 Brescia, 1488 - allowance</a><br><br> <a href="http://trionfi.com/0/e/40/">40 Salo, 1489 - allowance</a><br><br> <a href="http://trionfi.com/0/e/41/">41 Bergamo 1491 - allowance</a><br><br> <a href="http://trionfi.com/0/e/42/">42 Letter Ippolito d'Este, 1492</a><br><br> <a href="http://trionfi.com/0/e/43/">43 Rene d'Anjou II, France, 1496</a><br><br> <a href="http://trionfi.com/0/e/44/">44 Reggio, 1500 - allowance</a><br><br> **********************</p> <p><a href="http://trionfi.com/0/e/00c/">Artist + Persons</a><br> <a href="http://trionfi.com/0/e/00d/">References</a><br> </p> </ul> </b> </ul></td><td height="50" align="left" valign="top" bgcolor="#dddddd"> "Trionfi" as Cards (Documents) </td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> <H3>Document 38b</H3> <TABLE WIDTH="100%"><TD valign="_top"> <B>1484, Cicognara note, suspected as a forgery</b><br><br> <A HREF="http://autorbis.net/tarot/biography/tarot-history-researchers/count-leopoldo-cicognara.html" target="_blank">Leopold Cicognara</a> in <A HREF="http://books.google.com/books?id=QG4EAAAAYAAJ&dq=bullet+tarocco&as_brr=1&pg=RA1-PA5&ci=209,176,478,231&source=bookclip#PRA2-PA58,M1" target="_blank">Memorie spettanti alla storia della calcografia, 1831, pp. 158-159</a> presented the following about the painter Antonio Cicognara, which he suspected to have been an early ancestor of himself:<br><br> <center><TABLE BGCOLOR="#ffffff" BORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="90%"><TD> "E abbiamo la soddisfazione di poter confermare con begli argomenti come questo lusso di splendida esecuzione nelle carte de' Tarocchi fosse invalso allora in Italia, e nell' epoca principalmente più cara al risorgimento degli studj e delle arti. Le Cronache di Cremona scritte da Domenico Bordigallo, riportate nelle schede del giurisconsulto Giacomo Torresi no, ed a noi graziosamente comtnunicate dall'altra volta citato Primicero Capitolare di Cremona monsignor Antonio Dragoni , riportano quanto segue. <br><br> <center><TABLE BGCOLOR="#ffffff" BORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="90%"><TD> 1484: In quest'anno il nostro Antonio de Cicognara eccellente pittore de' quadri et bravo miniatore miniò et depinse uno magnifico mazzo di carte cette de`Tarocchi, da me veduto, et ne fece presente allIII.mo et Rev.mo Monsignore Ascanio Maria Sforza Cardinale di s. Chiesa, Vescovo di Pavia et de Novara, già decano di questa nostra Cattedrale, et ora Commendatatrio del Canonicato de s. Gregorio nella stessa, et figlio degli Illustrissime et Eccellentissimi Francesco Sforza et Madonna Bianca Maria Visconti, nata qui in Cremona. Lo stesso miniò altre giuochi per le due sorelle de esso Cardinale Monache nelle Agostinae fondate dalla dita Madonna Bianca in questa Città." </TD></TABLE></center> <br> Verosimilmènte questo amatore passionato dell'arte del pennello fece presente di questa elegantissiaio mazzo de' Tarocchi ad Ascanio Sforza, in quello stesso anno in cui fu appunto fregiato del Cappello Cardinalizio da Sìsto IV. Questo è lo stesso Antonio Cìcognara, per mano del quale veggonsi miniati li bellissimi corali della Cattedrale di Cremona, appunto in quell' epoca che la famiglia di questo nome si trasferì a Ferrara, siccome attesta, oltre ogni memoria, anche l'argomento d'un prezioso quadro, che questo Antonio fece dipingere al rinomato autore Cosimo Tura detto Cosme rappresentante una Madonna in trono con varj Santi, e sullo scabello del trono stanno ad onore del mecenate, e dell' artista li due versi seguenti: <br><br> Antonio Cicognara, o Vergin pura, <br>Dipinger fece questa tua figura. <br><br> il quale quadro passò a Berlino acquistato dal sìg. Solly Inglese , ed ora è ornamento della Reale Galleria." <br><br> The translation of the central quotation of Cicognara was given by Michael Dummett: "1484: In this year or own Antonio Cicognara, an excellent painter of pictures and fine miniaturist, illuminated and painted a magnificent pack of the cards called Tarocchi, seen by me, and gave them as a present to the Most Illustrious and Most Reverend Mgr. Ascanio Mario Sforza, Cardinal of holy Church, Bishop of Pavia and of Novara, formerly Dean of our Cathedral, and Commendator of the canonry of St. Gregory therin, and son of the Most Illustrious and Most Excellent Francesco Sforza and the Lady Bianca Visconti, who was born here in Cremona. The same artist illuminated other packs for the two sisters of the Cardinal, who are nuns in the Augustinean Order founded by the said Lady Bianca in this city." </TD></TABLE></center><br><br> The passage caused in the course of time a series of considerable trouble, corrections, misunderstandings and discussions, during which Cicognara partly was suggested to having painted the whole Pierpont-Morgan-Bergamo deck or at least the "6 added cards". <br><br> Michael Dummett, who already in his "Game of Tarot" 1980 attacked Cicognara's statements, summarized the complex evolution of this nearly traumatic Tarot-history legend and improved his earlier representation recently in <A HREF="http://www.artibusethistoriae.org/?menu=art&gdzie=artibusIssue&id=57"> <I>artibus et historie Nr. 56 (2007)</i> </A> in his article "Six XV-Century Tarot Cards: Who Painted Them?" (pp.15 - 26), an essay about the "six added" (trionfi.com terminiology) cards in the Pierpont-Morgan-Bergamo Tarocchi. The argumentation is very complex. In short:<br><br> Cicognara's quote was in his opinion given in the Chronicle of Cremona of Bordigallo in the schede of Torresino. The quoted passage itself came to Cicognara by a communication with Mgr. Antonio Dragoni.<br> However, the cited Chronicle runs only till 1473 (as far it is known), but the quote is from 1484. Antonio Dragoni, mentioned as the informant of Cicognara, was accepted long as a historian, but later "his collection was suspected of consisting of forgeries". Dummett suggests, that Antonio Cicognara possibly was never in Ferrara (cause the Ferarese style observable in the mentioned six cards).<br><br> Actually Leopoldo Cicognara should be better memorized for a deck, which was in his possession and from which he published 6 (again 6 cards) in his book ( <a href="http://trionfi.com/0/h/51/" target="_blank">see the report</a> ) <br><br> <B>(autorbis)</B> </TD> <TD width="250" valign="_top"><CENTER> <IMG SRC="http://trionfi.com/0/j/d/leber/p/18.jpg"><br><br> A true <br> <B>Leopold</B> Cicognara (as owner) <br>card<br><br><br> <IMG src="../p/cicognara-forgery.jpg"><br><br> with 5 other cards of the<br> Pierpont-Morgan-Bergamo deck<br> wrongly attributed to the painter <br><B>Antonio</b> Cicognara </TD> </TABLE> </td></tr></table> <hr><br><br> <center><b><font size="1">Trionfi.com </b>has its focus on Tarot History and especially the origin of Tarot in 15th century, also the representation of about 100 000 Tarot and other playing cards in the Tarot Museum. <br><b>The chapter "Trionfi as Cards (Documents)"</b> presents the early documents, which note the term "Trionfi" (or similar, for instance "ludus triumphorum") in context to playing cards. The first appearance is from February 1442. The chapter is still in development. <br> Author: when not otherwise specified, autorbis. Copyright: trionfi.com. Links do lead occasionally to foreign sources, we've no influence on these sites and are not responsible for their representations and opinions.<br><br> <b>Central pages: <a href="http://trionfi.com">International Start</a> - <a href="http://trionfi.com/tarot-history/">Tarot History</a> - <a href="http://trionfi.com/tarot-playing-cards-museum/">Tarot Museum</a> - <a href="http://trionfi.com/tarot/">Tarot in all Aspects</a> - <a href="http://trionfi.com/tarot/cards/">Tarot Iconography</a> - <a href="http://trionfi.com/tarot-free-reading/">Tarot Reading</a> / <a href="http://google.com">Google</a> - <a href="http://yahoo.com">Yahoo</a> </font></center> </BODY></HTML>